The need of innovative technology for the development of agriculture was recognized long ago. However the implementation of agricultural development programmes did not go efficiently to achieve the desired results. The reasons for such poor performance in the agriculture are multidimensional. It requires review of the historical development, background of agricultural system and programme, agricultural institution, human resources development and resource development and resource allocations for research and extension programs. Despite the substantial amount of internal and external resources spent in this sector for a long time, agriculture could not raise up from primitive technology with low productivity to high productivity with innovative technology. Mechanization of agriculture in Nepal is still facing a lag. Nepal Living Standard Survey (NLSS) reports shows that 59 percent of the agriculture household use the most common agricultural instrument i.e. ploughs; less than one percent of the agricultural house hold owned tractor even up to 4 years back. Similarly less than one percent of the farmers owned pumping set. Only about 16 percent of the farmers had bin containers for grain storage. If we look towards Agricultural aid during fiscal year 2008/09 it is about 6.0% of the total aid disbursed. This indicates that still agricultural sector is still not been prioritized in our economy.

Nepal’s agriculture must move from an extensive system dependent on unavailable inputs and information with little linkage to the market to an intensive system of innovation that depends on new knowledge, technology, and practices that will get more and diverse crops for farmers who can feed the country and compete in national, regional, and global markets. Still there is very low agricultural productivity to evade this traditional farming practices should be replaced by modern farming practices facilitating new equipments and technologies. Understanding the biodiversity, there should be use of appropriate crop varieties and also high value crops should be introduced which can open new market opportunities for farmers. Correspondingly, Research on pests on diseases can lead to effective and environmentally sound deterrents that will save crop yields.

Even the sectorial development programs like Agriculture Perspective Plan (APP) and Agriculture Development Strategy (ADS) have been fabricated and the anticipated results have not been achieved.